Batteries And Its Effects On The World - 1674 Words

Batteries. Possibly one of the most unappreciated inventions in the world. They’re see strewn around your home, just lose and debatably old or new. We couldn’t power a toy truck nor a hearing aid without them yet we disrespect the honor of one of the most genius and important inventions in history. Batteries are very important but is there anything we can replace it with---possibly, ourselves? Well, first we need to know what exactly a battery actually does. The â€Å"first true battery† was invented by Alessandro Volta, an Italian physicist, in 1800. Batteries are a mass of one or more cells whose chemical reactions create a flow of electrons in a circuit. Batteries contain three basic parts: electrodes, an electrolyte, and a†¦show more content†¦The anode is known as the reducing agent, because it loses electrons. But do we know what it means for a battery to be dead? Well, as the anode and cathode are connected to a circuit and a chemical reaction tak es place between the anode and the electrolyte, the reaction causes electrons to race through the circuit and back into the cathode where another chemical reaction takes place. When the material in the cathode or anode gets to the point where it is consumed or no longer able to be used in the reaction, the battery is unable to produce electricity. At that point, your battery is officially considered â€Å"dead† (Hymel 2016). More recently, in 1980, an American physicist Professor John Goodenough invented the lithium battery. As lithium is one of the lightest elements on the period table and being its electrochemical potential is extremely high, the combination produces some of the highest possible voltages in the most compact and lightest volumes (Alarco 2015). There is an unfortunate decent balance between advantages and disadvantage for lithium batteries. 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A Scientific Look At Marie Kondo s Life Changing Magic Of...

A Scientific look at Marie Kondo’s Life Changing Magic of Tidying Up: The Japanese Art of Decluttering and Organizing. In the last year, a certain self-help book became a best seller, seemingly out of nowhere. This book, The Life Changing Magic of Tidying up: The Japanese Art of Decluttering and Organizing by Marie Kondo, claimed that â€Å"When you put your house in order, you put your affairs and past in order too† (Kondo Hirando, 2011). This book claims that by tidying up and organizing your house in one go will not only help you keep your house tidy forever, but also change your life (Kondo Hirando, 2011). While the approach Kondo takes to cleaning is rational, I wanted to look at whether her theories on the importance of tidying, and her claims about this ‘life changing magic’ are bounded in scientific fact or not. By examining the hallmarks of pseudoscience, the effects of stress on life’s, stress reduction strategies, adherence to trained regimes and some of the recovery rates for hoarding, I aim to determine whether the Japanese Art of Tidying actually is magical or not. Firstly, it is well known that long term stress has detrimental effects on the body, and the mind. One study published this year showed a possible link between cortisol, the stress hormone, and depression (Jin, et al. 2016). Another literature review published this year linked stress with increased risk of developing several mental and physical conditions, like certain cancers, arthritis, mood and

Sustainable Surfing Tourism Development †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Sustainable Surfing Tourism Development. Answer: Introduction: Gone are the days when businesses can remain safe and conventional for achieving success in the market. Increasing competition and technological evaluation has revolutionized the way businesses are conducted in the global market. With increasing competition, businesses have to focus on utilizing innovative strategies to remain competitive in the market. For successful utilization of all the strategies, businesses will have to focus on analyzing the current macro and micro environmental situation in an effective manner. The report focuses on evaluating the market potential of surfing products in Bali, Indonesia market. For that reason, the report will focus on analyzing different strategies initiated by a Melbourne Australia based organization namely Endless Wave Pty Ltd. The organization was established in 1980, with the objective of providing high quality surfing products. Endless Wave has already captured 10% of the total market share in Australia (endlesswaves.net 2017). For that reason, it is looking to expand its reach in the international market. Presently, Endless Wave targeted Indonesias Bali region for enhancing their sales volume higher. The report will focus on evaluating the present market condition in Bali, Indonesia for the successful business expansion in the global market. The report will also provide best possible way for Endless Wave to enter into the Indonesian market. It will also provide suitable recommendation so that Endless Wave can handle different types of market related challenges in a comprehensive manner. Over the years, the market for surfing products and wear has increased significantly across the Indonesia. Increasing number of tourists have provided huge market share for business entities for fulfilling all the roles and responsibilities in a comprehensive manner (Lueras and Lueras 2014). In order to evaluate present market situation of surfing products in Bali, Indonesia area, Porter five forces evaluation are provided as follows: Rivalry among existing competitors: Bali Island is probably the most touristic destination across Indonesia, as it provides different facilities for the tourists for having quality time (Towner and Orams 2016). Increasing popularity of tourism in Bali area has induced different business entities to focus on grabbing the surfing market share in an effective way. Moreover, Bali is very attractive surfing destination, which has intensified the competition level in the market even further. Indonesian government has not focused on developed too much rules and restrictions for the surfing equipment providers. As a result, it has provided free opportunity to the new businesses to enter into the market (Towner and Milne 2017). Moreover, Indonesian government has allowed foreign businesses to enter in to the market, which has increased the threat level regarding the new entrants in the market. Therefore, it is likely to increase the threat of new entrants in Indonesian market in a major way. In presence of intense competition among existing rivals, buyers are likely to have lot of substitute options for fulfilling the needs. As a result, Endless Wave will have to face massive threat at the time of expanding its reach in Bali, Indonesia market. Moreover, increasing number of new entrants has also increased the threat associated with the business procedure even further. However, Endless Wave has already established its presence in 20 markets across the globe, which has provided strong brand presence (Towner 2016). Therefore, it will be difficult for any new entrants to affect the business level of Endless Wave. Required numbers of suppliers are available in the surfing products industry. Therefore, it is likely to reduce the bargaining power of the suppliers in a major way (Kumar and Rajan 2012). However, Endless Wave has always focused on maintaining strong relationship with the suppliers in order to have high quality raw materials for the surfing products. Bargaining power of the buyers: Availability of different substitute options is likely to provide high bargaining power to the buyers (Lusch and Vargo 2014). However, Endless Wave has maintained uniqueness regarding the design and quality of the surfing products, which has allowed keeping the price above the average level of the organization. The business strategies of Endless Wave have always focused on targeting the prime surfing destination across the globe. For that reason, it has established the business Asia, Latin America and European region. However, adverse impact of global economic crisis has affected the business level of Endless Wave in a major way. For that reason, it is looking to expand the business in Bali, Indonesia market in order to maintain effective revenue level. Endless Wave has targeted the Bali area of Indonesia due to increasing popularity as a tourist destination. Endless Wave has always focused on Bali area as a footstep for expanding its reach in the entire Indonesian market. With more than 13,000 islands, Indonesia regarded as the ideal destination for surfing (Eggers, Hansen and Davis 2012). Moreover, tourism represents the second largest employment sector in Indonesia. It also contributes 30% of the Indonesian GDP, which is likely to provide huge potential market for the organization for en hancing the revenue level (Perreault Jr, Cannon and McCarthy 2013). In addition, Indonesia has achieved consistent growth of around 6.8% regarding the increasing number of tourists. As a result, it is also likely to enhance the potential market share of surfing products in an effective manner. Therefore, it is likely to provide enough opportunity for Endless Wave to expand its business in the Bali, Indonesia area. As per the article by Schwidder (2016), effective evaluation of the competitors is essential for any business entity for accomplishing all the business goals and objectives. For that reason, in order to expand the businesses in Bali, Indonesia, Endless Wave will have to evaluate the kind of competition it will have to face in an effective way. Now, Bali is extremely popular for its surfing activities. People from all across the globe visit Bali for having quality time with surfing and other sea activities (Borland and Lindgreen 2013). Therefore, it has allowed organizations like Deus Warung of Simple Pleasures, Quiksilver Boardriders Cafe, Rip Curl Legian Memorial, Drifter Surf Shop and ONeill Store Oberoi to achieve continues success in the market. Each of the mentioned companies has already created extreme popularity in the Bali market (Ponting and McDonald 2013). However, Endless Wave has more diversified product range including surfboards and accessories, wetsuits, bathers, board shorts, bikinis, t-shirts, jackets, jeans, belts, wallets, and specialised surf products. Therefore, it will likely to provide bigger potential market in Bali, Indonesia. For that reason, Endless Wave will have to focus on utilizing innovative strategies for capturing required amount of market share in an appropriate manner. Moreover, all the mentioned organizations have focused on using different tools and techniques for achieving continues success in the market. For instance, all the organizations have used social media and digital platforms for providing required information to the customers. Therefore, it is likely to increase the challenges for Endless Wave to achieve desired sales volume from Bali market (Anwar 2014). For that reason, Endless Wave will have to focus on analyzing its strengths and weaknesses for expanding its reach in the global market. Moreover, it will also have to focus on assessing the future trend in Bali market for avoiding market related risks and challenges in an effective manner. SWOT analysis: Factors Description Strengths Endless Wave is in the surfing products industry for more than three decades. It has already established in presence in 20 prime surfing destinations across geographical boundaries. It reflects strong brand presence of Endless Wave in global market (Charlie 2012). Therefore, it is likely to create positive impact on the business expansion process in Bali as well. It has variety of product range with high quality, which is likely to provide bigger potential market for Endless Wave to achieve business aims and objectives Weaknesses Endless Wave is completely new in Indonesian market. Therefore, people are likely to have very limited information about the provided quality of the product range. Global economic crisis is likely to create adverse impact on the tourist expenditure perspective (Gummesson, Kuusela and Nrvnen 2014). It can affect the business development perspective of Endless Wave in a major way. Opportunities Indonesia is among the most popular tourist destinations across the globe. It has achieved consistent growth in tourist sector over the past few years (West 2014). Therefore, it is likely to provide greater potential market share in Bali area for fulfilling all the business objectives. Innovative design and superior quality is also likely to provide more opportunity for Endless Wave to capture the major share of the Bali market. Threats Bali is an extremely popular surfing destination, which has induced many businesses to establish its presence in the market (Berthon et al. 2012). Therefore, Endless Wave will have to face massive competition from other surfing product providers for fulfilling all the business objectives. Increasing popularity of raw materials for developing surfboards and other surfing products is another critical aspect for Endless Wave. It can affect the profit level of the organization in a major way. Table 1: SWOT analysis (Source: Towner and Milne 2017) Strategy to utilize strengths and opportunities and reduce weakness and threats: Endless Wave will have to focus on developing strategies in such a way so that it can help to achieve objective of business expansion. Therefore, the marketing strategy of Endless Wave will have to highlight the strong brand presence in the global market. It will help to increase the trust level of the Indonesian people. Highlighting strong brand presence to the Indonesian people will help Endless Wave to reduce the adverse impact on weaknesses in an effective way (Leonidou et al. 2013). Moreover, the marketing team of Endless Wave will have to focus on identifying the geographical areas from where major tourists are visiting Bali, Indonesia. It will allow marketing department of Endless Wave to initiate different campaign in those areas for providing information related to the products and services. The strategy of Endless Wave will also have to include proper investment in designing and quality of the products for achieving continues success in new Bali, Indonesia market. It will h elp Endless Wave to reduce the threat level associated with intense competition in Bali, Indonesia market. Thus, the strategy of Endless Wave will have to focus on effective utilization of both marketing and RD activities for achieving success in the new market. As illustrated by Baker (2014) different ways are available including exporting, licensing, franchising, turnkey projects, wholly owned subsidiaries, joint venture and acquiring for the organizations at the time of entering in new market. Therefore, the business strategy of Endless Wave will have to focus on using the best possible market entry mode for creating desired impact on the market. Endless Wave can focus on acquiring existing organizations from Bali, Indonesia for creating immediate impact on the market. On the other hand, it can also focus on using licensing or export procedure for maintaining the same quality of the products in Bali market as well (Ponting and McDonald 2013). Utilization of licensing procedure can reduce the headache of the company related to the development of effective supply chain network. In fact, it will help Endless Wave to provide required amount of product to the select market section. However, the selection of market entry strategy will depend on the amount of investment Endless Wave is looking to made for fulfilling the business aims and objectives. Now, it has been assessed that Endless Wave is among the prime companies across the globe in surfing equipment development sector. Endless Wave has an employee size of around 950 across the globe (endlesswaves.net 2017). For that reason, it will be easier for Endless Wave to focus on investing acquisition method for creating immediate impact on the Bali market. Endless Wave will have to focus on acquisition method, as it will help to counter the challenges associated with the increasing competition in surfing equipment development market in Bali (Nobre and Silva 2014). On the other hand, Endless Wave will not focus on using licensing or exporting procedure, as it will take time to create required amount of popularity in the Bali market. Organizational structure: As stated by Morgan, Katsikeas and Vorhies (2012) maintenance of appropriate organizational structure is essential for the fulfilment of all the requirements of the operational procedure. Different organizations use different organizational structure including horizontal structure, vertical structure and matrix structure for ensuring the effectiveness of the operational procedure remains at the desired level. Now, in order to expand the business in the global market, Endless Wave has focused on using matrix organizational structure. It has allowed Endless Wave to develop effective cross department communicational platform, which has reduced obstacles in the business procedure. Moreover, Endless Wave has used matrix structure in order to ensure appropriate coordination between all the business units in an effective manner. It has allowed Endless Wave to maintain required amount of stock level based on the demand pattern in different markets. As a result, it has ensured buyers do not h ave to wait for longer time at the time of purchasing any products (Kumar et al. 2013). Moreover, Endless Wave will have to focus on using expats in the business procedure, as it will help to increase cohesion among different business units. Moreover, it will help senior management to understand the kind of market related obstacles it will have to face on regular basis. As described by Leonidou et al. (2013) proper evaluation of potential future trend is critical for achieving required success in the new market. For that reason, Endless Wave will also have to focus on assessing the expected level of impact it would have on the Bali, Indonesia market. The five year sales forecast for Endless Wave is as follows: From the evaluation of the above figure, it can be stated that Endless Wave will have to focus on achieving continues growth in Bali, Indonesia area. For that reason, Endless Wave is likely to create very limited impact on the Bali market, as majority of the people know very limited about the provided quality of products and services in the market. In this period, Endless Wave will have to focus on utilizing aggressive marketing strategies for ensuring all the required information are provided to all potential buyers. As a result, it would increase sales in the second and third year at a steady rate. Thereafter, the high quality product designs and services are likely to fulfil all the needs and wants of the customers. Therefore, it will keep the buyers satisfied with the provided quality of products and services. As a result, it would increase the loyalty level of the customers in a major way (Leonidou et al. 2013). For that reason, Endless Wave can expect around 40% market share in five years time. It will eventually help Endless Wave to emerge as the biggest name in providing high quality surfing products. Recommendations: From the above analysis, it can be mentioned that the initiated business strategies are likely to create desired impact on the business expansion perspective. However, it will have to focus on specific areas to avoid any types of challenges in fulfilling business aims and objectives. Firstly, Endless Wave will have focus on evaluating the culture and values of Bali in order to introduce all the surfing products in an effective manner. In the present competitive business environment, providing products according to the community culture is essential for fulfilling all the requirements of the business objectives. Secondly, Endless Wave will have to focus on assessing the type of designs or styles Bali, Indonesia people are linking more compared to other products. It will help Endless Wave to produce surfing products as per the needs and wants of the employees. Thirdly, Endless Wave will have to assess the type of legislative rules and regulation imposed by the Indonesian government at the time of introducing products in the market. It will help Endless Wave to identify different challenges related to business procedure in an effective manner. Therefore, it will eventually help management of Endless Wave to develop effective counter strategies for the fulfilment of all business objectives. Fourthly, Endless Wave will have to focus on keeping the internal workforce motivated towards the provided roles and responsibilities. Maintaining the motivation of the employees at the desired level will help Endless Wave to increase the efficiency level of the operational procedure. Conclusion: The above analysis illustrates the fact that effective evaluation of internal and external factors is essential for the fulfilment of all business objectives comprehensively. Proper evaluation of the external factors allows businesses to identify different market related challenges in an effective manner. On the other hand, internal evaluation allows businesses to identify the necessary areas for improvement. Endless Wave has tried to cover all aspect of the businesses comprehensively for the fulfilment of business objectives. It has maintained quality of the products at optimum level, which has created major impact on the global market. Moreover, the business procedure of Endless Wave has targeted niche market all across the globe so that it can able to create maximum positive impact on the revenue level. It has also focused on developing proper organizational structure for clear communication within the workplace. The effective utilization of resources has increased the efficiency level of the customers in a major way. For that reason, it can be expected that expansion decision of Endless Wave in Bali, Indonesia will create massive impact on the business procedure. It is likely to provide huge potential market share for fulfilling all the business related activities in an effective way. References: Anwar, K., 2014. Sports Tourism Development and Its Regulation in Indonesia (Studies in the Province of Lampung).US-China L. Rev.,11, p.640. Baker, M.J., 2014.Marketing strategy and management. Palgrave Macmillan. Berthon, P.R., Pitt, L.F., Plangger, K. and Shapiro, D., 2012. Marketing meets Web 2.0, social media, and creative consumers: Implications for international marketing strategy.Business horizons,55(3), pp.261-271. Borland, H. and Lindgreen, A., 2013. Sustainability, epistemology, ecocentric business, and marketing strategy: Ideology, reality, and vision.Journal of Business Ethics,117(1), pp.173-187. Charlie, C., 2012. A Comparative Study of Two Business Event Destinations: Phuket (Thailand) and Bali (Indonesia).JURNAL Manajemen dan Pariwisata III,6(2). Eggers, F., Hansen, D.J. and Davis, A.E., 2012. Examining the relationship between customer and entrepreneurial orientation on nascent firms marketing strategy.International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal,8(2), pp.203-222. endlesswaves.net, 2017.Endless Waves - Searching Out Surf in the Rockies. [online] Endless Waves. Available at: https://endlesswaves.net [Accessed 17 May 2017]. Gummesson, E., Kuusela, H. and Nrvnen, E., 2014. Reinventing marketing strategy by recasting supplier/customer roles.Journal of Service Management,25(2), pp.228-240. Kumar, V. and Rajan, B., 2012. Social coupons as a marketing strategy: a multifaceted perspective.Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science,40(1), pp.120-136. Kumar, V., Bhaskaran, V., Mirchandani, R. and Shah, M., 2013. Practice prize winnercreating a measurable social media marketing strategy: increasing the value and ROI of intangibles and tangibles for hokey pokey.Marketing Science,32(2), pp.194-212. Leonidou, L.C., Katsikeas, C.S., Fotiadis, T.A. and Christodoulides, P., 2013. Antecedents and consequences of an eco-friendly export marketing strategy: The moderating role of foreign public concern and competitive intensity.Journal of International Marketing,21(3), pp.22-46. Leonidou, L.C., Leonidou, C.N., Fotiadis, T.A. and Zeriti, A., 2013. Resources and capabilities as drivers of hotel environmental marketing strategy: Implications for competitive advantage and performance.Tourism Management,35, pp.94-110. Lueras, L. and Lueras, L., 2014.Surfing Indonesia: A search for the world's most perfect waves. Tuttle Publishing. Lusch, R.F. and Vargo, S.L., 2014.The service-dominant logic of marketing: Dialog, debate, and directions. Routledge. Morgan, N.A., Katsikeas, C.S. and Vorhies, D.W., 2012. Export marketing strategy implementation, export marketing capabilities, and export venture performance.Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science,40(2), pp.271-289. Mullins, J., Walker, O.C. and Boyd Jr, H.W., 2012.Marketing management: A strategic decision-making approach. McGraw-Hill Higher Education. Nobre, H. and Silva, D., 2014. Social network marketing strategy and SME strategy benefits.Journal of Transnational Management,19(2), pp.138-151. Perreault Jr, W.D., Cannon, J.P. and McCarthy, E.J., 2013. BASIC MARKETING: A Marketing Strategy Planning Approach,-19/E. Ponting, J. and McDonald, M.G., 2013. Performance, agency and change in surfing tourist space.Annals of Tourism Research,43, pp.415-434. Schwidder, R., 2016.Waves of Destruction. Concerning the Impact and Management of Surf Tourism in Indonesia: A Comparison between Lombok and the Mentawai Islands(Master's thesis). Towner, N. and Milne, S., 2017. Sustainable Surfing Tourism Development in the Mentawai Islands, Indonesia: Local Stakeholder Perspectives.Tourism Planning Development, pp.1-24. Towner, N. and Orams, M., 2016. Perceptions of surfing tourism operators regarding sustainable tourism development in the Mentawai Islands, Indonesia.Asia Pacific Journal of Tourism Research,21(11), pp.1258-1273. Towner, N., 2016. How to manage the perfect wave: Surfing tourism management in the Mentawai Islands, Indonesia.Ocean Coastal Management,119, pp.217-226. West, P., 2014. " Such a Site for Play, This Edge": Surfing, Tourism, and Modernist Fantasy in Papua New Guinea.The Contemporary Pacific,26(2), pp.411-432.

The Impact of Internet on Politics free essay sample

Impact of Internet on Politics The use of internet in the 2004, and most recently in the 2008 elections was so huge due to its role. The internet has significantly changed the political process because it allowed candidates and voters to connect and gain access to political process in a fashion not previously available. Facebook, Twitter, MySpace, and candidates own social networking sites, such as Senator Barack Obamas MyBarackObama. om and Senator John McCains McCainspace, were used during the 2008 presidential elections campaign to connect to the voters, raise funds, post campaign ads, organize meetings. This usage of the internet has enhanced the degree of participation of interested ordinary citizens and small interest groups in politics. It also gave the average citizen the opportunity to be engaged politically via airing opinion on platforms including YouTube, iTunes, and Facebook by uploading personal videos in support of or against a candidate. Based on the result of the research by Pew Internet American Life project on the role of internet in the 2008 elections, Some 74% of internet usersrepresenting 55% of the entire adult populationwent online in 2008 to get involved in the political process or to get news and information about the election. We will write a custom essay sample on The Impact of Internet on Politics or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page † These statistics are an indication of internet influence on the political process because it allowed and made it easier for more people to participate in political activities. In recent years, blog sites have been the avenue for political discourse on the internet, they have reshaped the way politician, and the populace approached the political process. Candidates are now turning to the use of blog as evident during the 2008 presidential election, when all candidates maintained a blog site, for example, Senator Hillary Clintons blog. hillary. com, Senator Barack Obamas my. barackobama. com, and Senator John McCains www. johnmccain. com/blog. Candidates used it to update and inform the public and supporters of their views of current events and issues that are important to them, which enabled candidates to be more transparent and communicative. According to ABC news report, in the second quarter of 2003, Gov. Howard Dean raised $7. 6 million toward his 2004 presidential election campaign through the internet. This was a huge amount for a candidate that lacked a traditional fundraising network. Fundraising for the 2008 elections through the internet was more successful compared to previous elections. Jose Antonio Vargas of Washington post Obama Raised Half a Billion Online report states that Triple O, Obamas Online operation revealed that, 3 million donors made a total of 6. 5 million donations online adding up to $500 million. This online donation is more than 80 percent of the record-breaking $600 million raised during the entire campaign. The affordability and easy access of the internet compared to older technology enabled candidates to reach more people faster at nearly zero dollar and also allowed individuals to react quickly, directly, anytime, and anywhere. For example, Jose Antonio Vargass report also quotes data from OPOs Online Political Operatives below Obamas e-mail list contains upward of 13 million addressees. Over the course of the campaign, aides sent more than 7,000 messages, in total more than 1 billion e-mails landed in inbox. In future elections, candidates successes at the poll might be determined by their ability to successfully use the internet to reach out and connect to broader audience, as it contributed to President Barack Obama success at the 2008 election. Older technology such as radio and television are still relevant but the internet also played a major role in the recent political process because it enhanced the participation of all and sundry during the 2008 elections. Work cited http://abcnews. go. com/sections/politics/TheNote/TheNote_July16. html http://www. pewinternet. org/Reports/2009/6The-Internets-Role-in-Campaign-2008. aspx Obama raised half a billion online can be found http://voices. washingtonpost. com/44/2008/11/20/0bama_raised-half_a_billion_on. htm

The Family as a Social Group Essay Example

The Family as a Social Group Essay The â€Å"social fabric† of modern societies is composed of millions of groups of many types and sizes.   Some are as intimate as a pair of lovers.   Others, like the modern corporation or university, are extremely large and are composed of many interrelated subgroups.  Ã‚   Virtually everyone moves through life with a sense of belonging; that is each person belongs to a social group.   Among the different social groups, the family is considered the most significant group around the world. Hence it is my chosen social group as I belong to a family and so does everyone else. Indeed, family experience is a daily part of our lives and is a main concern of everyone.The family is not just the most significant but also the most popular social group all throughout man’s history.   A social group is defined as â€Å"two or more people who identify and interact with one another.   Each member of a family is enmeshed daily in a network of family interaction.The famil y is defined as   â€Å"a social group characterized by common residence, economic cooperation and reproduction; it includes adults of both sexes, at least two of whom maintain a socially approved sexual relationship, and one or more children, owned or adopted, of the sexually cohabiting adults.†As classified by sociologists, a family is a primary group.   According to Charles Horton Cooley (1864-1929), a primary group is a small social group in which relationships are both personal and enduring.   Bound together by strong and lasting loyalties that Cooley termed primary relationships, the members of a primary group spend a great deal of time together, share many activities, and feel that they know one another well.   As a result, they typically display sincere concern for each other’s welfare.     Ã‚  Ã‚  Moreover, Cooley called personal and tightly integrated groups primary because they are among the first groups we experience in life.   In addition, th e family and early play groups also hold primary importance in the socialization process, shaping personal attitudes and behavior.   We look to members of primary groups in forming our social identity as well, evident in the fact that members of primary groups almost always think of themselves as â€Å"we.†The strength of primary relationships gives many individuals considerable comfort and security in the familiar social circles of family or friends, people feel they can â€Å"be themselves† without constantly worrying about the impressions they are making.Members of primary groups display a personal orientation that is; members generally provide one another with personal, financial, and emotional support.   Even so, people generally think of a primary group as an end in itself rather than as a means to other ends.   For example, we readily call on family members or close friends to help us move into a new apartment, without expecting to pay for their services.à ‚   And we would do the same for them.As a social group, family members also recognize leaders – are the people charged with responsibility for directing the group’s activities.   Within families, parents have leadership roles, although husband and wife may disagree about who is really in charge.   Nowadays, the family generally benefit from two kinds of leadership.   That is, both father and mother are both assuming leadership roles.One is the instrumental leadership which refers to group leadership that emphasizes the completion of tasks.   In a family this kind of leadership is bestowed on men.   As fathers and husbands, men assume primary responsibility for providing family income, making major decisions, and disciplining children.   The other kind of leadership, expressive leadership, focuses on collective well-being.   That is, expressive leaders take less of an interest in the performance goals of a group than with group morale and minimizing tensi on and conflict among members.   Hence it is the purview of women.   Mothers and wives historically have encouraged supportive and peaceful relationships among family members.Decision-making styles also characterize fathers and mothers as leaders of a family.   Some fathers or mothers are authoritarian leaders, leaders who focus on instrumental concerns, make decisions on their own, and demand strict compliance from family members. Democratic leaders on the other hand, try to include everyone in the decision-making process.     Ã‚  Ã‚  Laissez-faire leaders (from the French phrase meaning roughly â€Å"to leave alone†) tend to downplay their position and power, allowing family members to function more or less on its own.   But leadership style in any particular case depends, in large part, on the needs of the family members itself.A family influences the behavior of its members, often promoting conformity.   A family’s group conformity may provide a secur e feeling of belonging.   But on the other hand, family pressure, however, can be considerable and sometimes unpleasant.   Sociologists have confirmed the power of family pressure to shape a member behavior and found that it remains string in adult members as well as young members.A family can also be a reference group among its members or by another social group.   A reference group is â€Å"a social group that serves as a point of reference for making evaluations and decisions.† Some families as a reference group set and enforce certain values and norms especially to its own members, while others serve as a standard for comparison.     Ã‚  For example, some family members with whom you spend much of your time are a primary and are likely to act as a reference group as well.The family as a primary group tends to be relatively small.   The strongest social bonds are formed between two people (i.e. married couples) and are known as dyads.   So, the term dyad is u sed to designate a family with only two members.   In families, too, the shift from a dyad to a three-member social group or triad happens during the addition of a couple among couples.   Though the family as a social group does not have an ideal size,  Ã‚   it all depends on the group’s purpose.A College is a BureaucracyFormal organizations have explicit (often written) sets of norms, statuses, and roles that specify each member’s relationships to the others and then conditions under which those relationships hold. Bureaucracy as a type of formal organization â€Å"is an organizational model designed to efficiently perform tasks.†A college is a bureaucracy as it is characterized by a clearly defined hierarchy with a commitment to rules, efficiency, and impersonality.   It has specific structure of statuses and roles.   As a bureaucratic organization, Max Weber identified six elements of any college as an ideal bureaucratic organization.1.     Posi tions with clearly defined responsibilities:   In colleges, people are assigned highly specialized roles that correspond organizational offices.   Like the academic deans and presidents of colleges. â€Å"The regular activities required for the purposes of the organization are distributed in a fixed way as official duties.†2.  Ã‚   Positions ordered in a hierarchy:   The organization of college offices â€Å"follows the principle of hierarchy; according to their responsibilities, that is, each lower office is under the control and supervision of a higher one.†Ã‚   Like each academic dean has specific subject area heads.3.   Rules and regulations: The functioning of a college is governed â€Å"by a consistent system of abstract rules† and the â€Å"application of these rules to specific cases.†4.   Technical competence:   College officials must have the technical competence to carry out their duties.   Colleges typically recruit new members according to high standards of set criteria and, later, monitor their performance.5.   A career ladder:   Work in colleges â€Å"constitutes a career.   There is a system of ‘promotions’ according to seniority, or to achievement, or both.†6.   The norm of efficiency: A college as â€Å"a purely bureaucratic type of administrative organization†¦ is from a purely technical point of view, capable of attaining the highest degree of efficiency.Further, a college is an ideal bureaucracy as it is a model of efficiency. The college as a bureaucracy made human social life more â€Å"rational.† Rules, impersonality, and the norm of efficiency are some of the ways in which a college â€Å"rationalizes† human societies.Hence it is even a humanizing bureaucracy as it recognizes teachers and students as its greatest resource.   It aims to develop human resources and it does not allow people of one gender or race to dominate in its organization le vel; rather, responsibility and opportunity is available at all levels.

Essay Samples Book - A Great Gift For Anyone Looking to Get Help Writing Their Essays

Essay Samples Book - A Great Gift For Anyone Looking to Get Help Writing Their EssaysAn essay sample's book is a great gift for anyone. Not only does it allow them to get started on their college work, but it can also be a gift to show off to friends and family. That being said, what kind of essay samples book would best fit any writer?Well, there are many different essay samples to choose from, so I will list some that will help anyone. The first one I will list is something that is small, usually consisting of just a few questions that a student is asked to answer in a short paragraph or two. Many of these types of question are commonly used when writing the midterms, but they are also great for essays too.The second one I will list is something that is also small, and this is a book that helps students complete their own research projects. These booklets consist of a number of different sections and are filled with different types of information, such as videos, pictures, pictures of clothing and even movies. These are all great if a student wants to be able to get some extra help, and get some ideas for their own essays.The last one I will talk about is the essay samples book that has essays in each chapter. These are great for getting extra help with their own essays and also great for writing their own essays too. These are the easiest to use, because they are filled with questions that a student can type into an online form and then a software program will analyze their answers and help them with their own essays.Once a student has gotten their book, they need to use it properly. First, they should check to make sure that the format is correct. Then they should fill out the forms accurately, because many times people will submit wrong forms when filling out the booklets.The second thing that they should do is take advantage of the different features that they have included. For example, if they want to test their writing skills, they should use the paper calculator to figure out the mathematical equations in their essay. Sometimes, students will not know how to put in a mathematical equation, so having the calculator in the book will come in handy.Third, these books are a great gift for anyone who is looking to write their own essays. This is a great way to get started in school, as well as get extra help. The best part is that you can print out all of your questions to use at home, so no matter where you are in your college career, you can still use the book to help you get through your homework.That being said, if you're just getting started in college, a book like this is a great gift for anyone wanting to write their own essay samples book. There are so many different books that are available to anyone, whether you are taking the classes for the first time or have been taking them for many years. No matter what type of books you would like to get, they will be a great addition to any student's bookshelf.

Ethics Final Paper Essays

Ethics Final Paper Essays Ethics Final Paper Essay Ethics Final Paper Essay While ethics is an extremely valuable tool to individuals in the field, it can also be a source of conflict (Fisher, 2013). With being a psychologist comes an immense amount of responsibility and pressure to offer the most effective care to those in need. As a result, it is inevitable for psychologists to struggle with this responsibility during some point in his or her professional career. The following fictional case captures this struggle, as well as identifies the crucial role of ethics in maintaining healthy yet professional client relationships. Ethical Case: Dry. Teen is a female psychologist who received a part-time job at Lincoln Park High School. She recently graduated from Northwestern University sys. D. Program, where she had also attended undergraduate school. Dry. Teen was born and raised in the suburbs of Chicago, and feels strong ties to the city. Thus, after earning a license to practice, she decided to apply for a position as the school counselor of her formal high school. One perk that accompanies working at Lincoln Park High is that she is only required to work part time, allowing her to balance work with her secondary occupation. Additionally, she was excited to return to her high school in order to reestablish relationships with old teachers and administrators who were deeply supportive of her during her troubled past. Dry. Teen has been working at the school for nearly three months, and finds great satisfaction in her work. Lincoln Park High reports an all time high in the number of students currently signed up for counseling. Both male and female students are choosing to seek Dry. Tens counsel, in contrast to past years, in which faculty or parents were forcing students to meet with the school social worker. Dry. Teen is pleasantly surprised by the deep relationships she has established with many of her students. Additionally, she has found that she is even better able to relate to and form connections with her students, compared to her same-age co- workers. She enjoys bonding with her students so much that she is considering working full time at Lincoln High. Since Dry. Teen only works three days a week, her busy schedule often prevents her from meeting with students during the select days she comes into school. Though the school assures her that postponing her appointments is completely understandable, he feels too guilty turning away students. Unbeknown to the school, she occasionally meets with them outside of work on the weekends. Since she lives in the neighborhood directly behind school, she feels her home is the most convenient place for them to meet. Dry. Teen considers her work outside of school to be even more beneficial to students, as it is not in the formal setting, thus, she does not set a time limit on appointments. Plus, Dry. Teen benefits from meetings outside of school, as the students who come to her house often bring her coffee, food, gift certificates, and tokens of appreciation for the additional availability she offers on weekends. Recently, however, Dry. Teen has become very overwhelmed with her counseling duties. In order to foster the most effective therapy for students, she has decided to restrict the students she meets with to the students in which she feels she is able to connect with the most. Coincidentally, many of these select students are young females. Dry. Teen assures the male students that her choice is nothing personal; however, she would rather provide valuable counseling to a few students rather than mediocre counseling to many students. In attempt o alleviate the situation, she has given her personal cell phone number to the students whom she no longer meets with in person, and emphasizes her availability for them to call or text her at any time and for any reason. Dry. Teen has grown particularly close to her student, Anna, who she considers her mini-me. Dry. Teen and Anna share similar experiences, specifically, a car accident that resulted in symptoms of Postgraduates Stress Disorder for the both of them. Although the car accident took place recently for Anna, it occurred over ten years ago for Dry. Teen. Aside from the car accident, Dry. Teen has bonded with Anna on a deeper, friend-level. Occasionally, Dry. Teen shares personal stories about her experiences and relationships during high school in order to make Anna feel comfortable reciprocating her experiences. Dry. Teen feels the only way for students to feel safe confiding in her is for her to confide in students, in return. Depending on the situation, she has elaborated on stories about her partying, drinking, and dating habits of the past. Dry. Teen feels it is justified for her to discuss even these provocative stories, since she does not behave as such anymore, and it is trickily for the purpose Of building a therapeutic relationship with her clients. The details of Dry. Tens therapy are unknown to Lincoln Park High. However, based on the variety of gifts Dry. Teen has received from her students in appreciation of her services, the school is confident in her abilities and progress with the students. As far as the faculty is aware, Dry. Teen has been successful in maintaining student mental health. Students that have benefited from counseling possess an overall more positive attitude towards school. Ethics Code Violations: In therapy, there is a thin line between being an effective therapist, and being professional therapist. Dry. Tens behavior represents a lack of professionalism that violates various ethical codes set out to prevent this type of relationship. A core code Dry. Teen violates is 3. 04: Avoiding Harm. The code states, Psychologists take reasonable steps to avoid harming their clients/patients, students, supervises, research participants, organizational clients, and others with whom they work, and to minimize harm where it is foreseeable and unavoidable (Fisher, 2013). Dry. Teen defies this code in various aspects of her practice. For example, she shares personal and revocation stories about herself, invites clients to her home, and offers her cell phone number for additional therapy benefits. In doing so, Dry. Teen is transforming what is supposed to be a professional relationship into a more personal connection. For the students who are seeking mental health care, this can prove more harmful than helpful to their overall well-being. In line with code 3. 04, Avoiding Harm, is Principle A: Beneficence and Malefaction of the General Principles of Psychology. This principle reflects a psychologists dual obligation to strive to do good and avoid doing arm Y promoting the welfare of others, treating people and animals humanely, increasing scientific and professional knowledge of behavior an peoples understanding of themselves, and improving the condition of individuals (Fisher, 2013). By forming an unprofessional relationship with her students, Dry. Teen is neither striving to do good nor avoiding harm. Her closeness with these young and impressionable teens is not promoting their welfare. Instead, Dry. Teen appears to be too focused on bonding with students and forming a rec iprocal relationship, when her true responsibility would be solely dedicated to the client. Dry. Tens relationship with Anna proves particularly harmful. By sharing intimate stories about her past, she is setting a poor example for Anna. It is clear Anna considers Dry. Teen a role model. Although Dry. Teen may have pure intentions by sharing provocative stories about her past, in turn, she is harming Anna by suggesting this behavior is acceptable, and even encouraged. While Dry. Tens ability to offer Anna a safe place to seek comfort and support is commended, the example she sets is not. Moreover, a multiple relationship is defined by when a psychologist is in a professional relationship with a person and at the same time is in another role with the same person (Fisher, 2013). The behaviors mentioned above, including providing students with her cell phone number and sharing personal stories about herself, signifies a friendship, not the role of a psychologist. Dry. Tens actions violate Code 3. 04, Multiple Relationships. Perhaps one of the most difficult aspects in the role of a psychologist is maintaining the ability and restraint to separate ones personal life from ones professional endeavors. The fact that Dry. Teen and Anna share many of the same experiences, in particular the traumatic car accident, can serve as both a positive and a negative influence on both partys mental health. On one hand, Dry. Teen possesses the proper empathy and understanding of Annas situation, and can foster the most effective coping strategies. In turn, Anna can take solace in knowing that Dry. Teen has endured a similar experience to her, and has been successful in overcoming such an obstacle. Yet, if Dry. Teen does not approach this sensitive issue properly, the outcome may prove detrimental to both hers and Annas health. Code 2. 06: Personal Problems and Conflicts highlights the suggested course for a psychologist to take when dealing with this type of situation. The code states, (a) Psychologists refrain from initiating an activity when they know or should know that there is a substantial likelihood that their personal problems will prevent them from performing their work-related activities in a competent manner (Fisher, 2013). According to professional ethics, research indicates that certain stressful life events can hinder a psychologists ability to use their skills competently and effectively. In addition to the violations of the various codes listed above, Dry. Tens relationship with Anna further violates standard 2. 06, as she is required to refrain from activities in which her personal problems may impair her ability to perform. As a psychologist, it is Dry. Tens responsibility to respect the dignity and worth of all individuals appropriately. This includes offering equal services and availability to all students that seek her treatment. Code 3. 01: Unfair Discrimination elucidates on this topic, stating, In their work-related activities, psychologists do not engage in unfair scarification based on age, gender, gender identity, race, ethnicity, culture, national origin, religion, sexual orientation, disability, socioeconomic Status, or any basis proscribed by law (Fisher, 2013). Although standard 3. 01 does not require psychologists to offer therapeutic assistance to all individuals requesting mental health services, Dry. Tens role as Lincoln Highs social worker does not offer her this luxury. As the schools sole therapist, she is responsible for counseling each and every student that seeks her help, and providing all students with equal and just care. Selecting certain students and turning away others is a violation of standard 3. 01 , and exemplifies unfair discrimination. Furthermore, Dry. Teen is also in violation of Principle D, Justice, of the General Principles of Psychology. This principle encourages psychologists to strive to provide to all people fair, equitable, and appropriate access to treatment and to the benefits of scientific knowledge and warns psychologists to be aware of and guard against their own biases and the prejudices Of others that may condone or lead to unjust practices (Fisher, 2013). Dry. Tens actions are in clear violation of this principle. Additionally, she is setting a poor example for her students by implying that discriminatory behaviors are indeed acceptable. By selecting certain students to counsel over other students seeking the same treatment, Dry. Teen defies Principle D. An exploitative relationship is defined as taking unfair advantage of or manipulating for their own personal use or satisfaction (Fisher, 2013). Meeting with students in her home on the basis that they bring her gifts as a show of gratitude represents an exploitative relationship. Standard 3. 08 prohibits psychologists from taking unfair advantage of or manipulating for their own personal use or satisfaction of students (Fisher, 2013). Dry. Teen is taking advantage of her students by offering additional services as an incentive to receive gifts. While gift giving and receiving IS not considered a violation, exploiting clients as a means of receiving gifts is. Finally, because of Dry. Teen is a practicing psychologist within a school setting she must be particularly careful with her responsibility to protect the privacy and confidentiality of her students. The Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act FREER) of 1974 outlines several laws In order to promise students privacy within school settings (Fisher, 2013). Specifically, FREER provides certain rights to parents of students that are ultimately transferred to students when they reach 18 years. Such rights include the inability to disclose a students educational record without written permission from the parent or the eligible student (Fisher, 2013). In addition to the diverse guidelines Dry. Teen must adhere to under the ethics code, it is crucial that Dry. Teen is additionally aware of implications such as FREER that impact her job and professional susceptibilities. Celia Fishers, Decoding the Ethics Code, offers a quote by Nicholas Hobbs that captures the tough balance between being an effective psychologist, and adhering to the ethics that surround this task. Hobbs refers to psychology as, a complex field where individual and social values are yet but ill defined (Fisher, 2013). He compares the field to a game, in which must be played fairly and must be given direction and consistency by the rules of the game. Though an individuals values may be ill defined, it is a psychologists responsibility to use these ethical standards as a tool to vegetative through the game of psychology.